Dry mouth

What is dry mouth?

Dry mouth occurs when salivary glands produce insufficient saliva. It can feel sticky, make swallowing and speaking difficult, and alter taste. While often a side effect of medicines or mild dehydration, chronic dry mouth needs attention to protect oral health.

Common causes of dry mouth

Dehydration, mouth breathing (often during sleep or with blocked nose), and medicines are the most common causes. Diabetes, Sjögren’s syndrome, radiotherapy to the head and neck, and anxiety can also contribute.

Managing dry mouth

Sip water regularly, use sugar-free gum or sweets to stimulate saliva, and avoid alcohol and caffeine which worsen dryness. Use fluoride toothpaste, attend dental check-ups, and consider saliva substitutes from a pharmacy.

When to see a GP about dry mouth

Persistent dry mouth despite hydration, or dry mouth with dry eyes and joint symptoms, should be assessed. If medicines are the likely cause, a GP may adjust treatment — do not stop prescribed medicines without advice.

Common questions about dry mouth

Which medicines cause dry mouth?

Antihistamines, antidepressants, diuretics, some blood pressure medicines and anticholinergics commonly reduce saliva. Discuss alternatives with a GP if troublesome.

Can anxiety cause dry mouth?

Stress and anxiety can cause mouth breathing and reduced saliva. Relaxation techniques and addressing underlying anxiety may help alongside hydration.

Why does dry mouth increase cavities?

Saliva neutralises acids and washes away food — without it, bacteria thrive. Extra dental check-ups, fluoride toothpaste and sugar-free gum help protect teeth.

What is Sjögren's syndrome?

Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune condition that causes dry mouth and dry eyes. Diagnosis involves blood tests and sometimes referral to a specialist.

Sources

• NHS — Dry Mouth
• NHS — Tooth Decay