Quick answer
What is tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It causes a sore throat, painful swallowing and often a high temperature. Most cases get better within about a week without antibiotics, and self-care helps ease the symptoms.
What is tonsillitis?
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils — two small glands at the back of the throat. It is usually caused by an infection and is especially common in children, though adults can get it too. Most cases are unpleasant but not serious, and clear up on their own.
Symptoms
The main symptoms include:
- a sore throat
- pain when swallowing
- a high temperature
- red or swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches
- swollen, tender glands in the neck
- bad breath and tiredness
What causes it
Tonsillitis is usually caused by viral infections, and sometimes by bacteria. The infections spread easily through coughs, sneezes and close contact, which is why outbreaks are common in schools and households.
Treatment
Most cases get better within about a week without specific treatment. To ease symptoms: rest, drink plenty of fluids, and use pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen as advised by a pharmacist. Cool drinks and soft foods can be more comfortable if swallowing hurts.
Antibiotics are only used when a bacterial infection is likely and the person is unwell, as they make little difference to most cases.
When to seek help
See a GP if symptoms are severe or not improving after a few days, or if episodes keep recurring. Difficulty breathing or swallowing fluids should always be treated as urgent.
Common questions
- What causes tonsillitis?
- Tonsillitis can be caused by viruses (most cases) or by bacteria such as streptococcus. It spreads through coughs, sneezes and close contact. It is most common in children but can affect anyone.
- Is tonsillitis contagious?
- Yes, the infections that cause tonsillitis can spread to others. Washing hands, using tissues and avoiding close contact while unwell help reduce the spread.
- Do I need antibiotics for tonsillitis?
- Most cases are viral and do not need antibiotics. A GP may prescribe them if a bacterial infection is likely and you are particularly unwell. Always follow professional advice.
- When are tonsils removed?
- Surgery to remove the tonsils (tonsillectomy) is only considered for people who have severe or very frequent episodes over time. A GP would discuss and refer if appropriate.