Quick answer
What is sinusitis?
Sinusitis is swelling of the sinuses, usually caused by a viral infection such as a cold. It can cause pain and pressure around the cheeks, eyes and forehead, a blocked or runny nose, and a reduced sense of smell. Most cases clear up within 2 to 3 weeks without antibiotics.
What is sinusitis?
Sinusitis is swelling or inflammation of the sinuses — the small, air-filled spaces behind your cheekbones and forehead. It is common and often develops after a cold. Most cases are short-lived (acute) and settle on their own.
Symptoms
Sinusitis can cause:
- pain, swelling and tenderness around the cheeks, eyes or forehead
- a blocked or runny nose
- a reduced sense of smell
- green or yellow mucus from the nose
- a headache, high temperature, toothache or bad breath
The facial pain is often worse when bending forward.
What causes it
Most cases follow a viral infection such as a cold, which causes the sinuses to become inflamed and blocked. Allergies, nasal polyps and other nasal problems can also contribute, particularly in longer-lasting (chronic) sinusitis.
Treatment
Acute sinusitis usually clears up by itself within two to three weeks. To ease symptoms in the meantime: rest, drink plenty of fluids, and try steam inhalation or salt-water nasal rinses. A pharmacist can advise on decongestants and pain relief such as paracetamol.
Antibiotics are generally not needed because most cases are viral. A GP may consider them only if symptoms are severe or not settling.
When to get it checked
See a GP if symptoms persist beyond three weeks, are severe, or keep returning. Long-lasting or recurring sinusitis sometimes needs further treatment, such as a steroid nasal spray, which a doctor can arrange.
Common questions
- What causes sinusitis?
- Most cases are caused by a viral infection, often after a cold. Less commonly it is caused by a bacterial infection, allergies or nasal problems. Because most cases are viral, antibiotics usually do not help.
- How long does sinusitis last?
- Acute sinusitis usually clears up within 2 to 3 weeks. If symptoms last longer than 12 weeks it is called chronic sinusitis, which should be assessed by a GP.
- How can I treat sinusitis at home?
- Rest, drink plenty of fluids, and try to relieve a blocked nose with steam inhalation or saline nasal sprays. A pharmacist can recommend decongestants or pain relief. Avoid using decongestant sprays for more than about a week.
- Do I need antibiotics for sinusitis?
- Usually not, as most cases are viral. A GP may consider antibiotics if symptoms are severe, not improving, or there are signs of a bacterial infection.